In the third meeting yesterday, we discussed the philosophers Rostow and Toynbee. In Rostow's philosophy, we explain about economic growth that goes through 5 stages. However, in my opinion, Rostow's theory of economic growth does not take into account the social and political factors that continue to develop.
Meanwhile, Arnold Toynbee's philosophy mainly focuses on the study of history and civilization. He analyzes how civilizations emerge, develop, and face challenges. Toynbee argues that society's response to challenges—both from the environment and internally—determines the fate of that civilization. He emphasizes the importance of creativity and innovation in dealing with crises as the key to the survival of a civilization.