THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

 Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943) was an influential English philosopher and historian known for his contributions to the philosophy of history. He emphasized that history cannot be understood without "re-enacting" the thoughts of historical figures, a method he argued is essential for grasping the past's complexities. His ideas blend elements of Kantian criticism and Hegelian idealism, positioning him within historical idealism. Collingwood believed that all history is essentially the history of thought, asserting that understanding human actions requires examining the underlying thoughts that motivated them.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

Edward Hallett Carr (1892–1982) was a British historian and theorist of international relations, best known for his work What Is History? which challenged traditional views of historiography. Carr argued that historical facts cannot be separated from the historian's interpretation, creating a dialogue between past and present.In The Twenty Years' Crisis, he criticized idealism and emphasized the importance of power in international politics, although he also acknowledged the role of morality.Carr contributed greatly to realist thinking in international relations.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

Foucault argued that power and knowledge are interrelated. According to him, power not only operates through repressive control, but also through the creation and regulation of knowledge. Power determines what is considered "truth" in society. Meanwhile, Nietzsche is famous for "God its tot" where God is dead because we have killed him. This is not actually a divine object, but rather the meaning of this expression does not literally mean that God as a divine entity has died, but rather is a philosophical metaphor referring to major changes in Western culture and thought.